一些零碎修改

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Hmtsai 2024-07-21 19:50:40 +08:00
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# Study Area CN [learn.study-area.org.cn](learn.study-area.org.cn) # Study Area CN
### URL : [learn.study-area.org.cn](https://learn.study-area.org.cn)
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## 如何帮助开发? ## 如何帮助开发?
如果您想要协助我们的开发,请参阅[百科](https://git.hmtsai.cn/study-area-cn/study-area-cn/wiki) 如果您想要协助我们的开发,请参阅[百科](https://git.hmtsai.cn/study-area-cn/study-area-cn/wiki)
如果你对本项目做出了贡献,就请在`/src/contributors.md`中写上你的名字吧! 如果你对本项目做出了贡献,就请在`/src/contributors.md`中写上你的名字吧!

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- [在你的电脑(实体机)上安装](./learn_linux_basic/install_rocky_linux/install_in_your_pc.md) - [在你的电脑(实体机)上安装](./learn_linux_basic/install_rocky_linux/install_in_your_pc.md)
- [安装 Rocky Linux](./learn_linux_basic/install_rocky_linux/install_rocky_linux.md) - [安装 Rocky Linux](./learn_linux_basic/install_rocky_linux/install_rocky_linux.md)
- [Linux 常识](./learn_linux_basic/linux_common_sense.md) - [Linux 常识](./learn_linux_basic/linux_common_sense.md)
- [文件与路径](./file_and_path/file_and_path.md) - [文件与路径](./learn_linux_basic/file_and_path/file_and_path.md)
- [文件目录管理]() - [文件权限管理](./learn_linux_basic/file_and_path/manage_file_premissons.md)
- [文件权限管理]()
- [磁盘分区以及文件系统]() - [磁盘分区以及文件系统]()
- [tar打包软件]() - [tar打包软件]()
- [gzip与xz]() - [gzip与xz]()

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- `/boot` 存放系统启动信息 - `/boot` 存放系统启动信息
- `/dev` 大部分设备对应的文件,上文中提到了 - `/dev` 大部分设备对应的文件,上文中提到了
- `/proc` 所有的进程信息(Linux 中“一切皆文件”的思想) - `/proc` 所有的进程信息(*nix 中“一切皆文件”的思想)
- `/lib` 存放所有重要的被软件调用的以来。有时会有`lib64` - `/lib` 存放所有的静态链接库和动态链接库。有时会有`lib64`
- `/etc` 存放软件配置文件(其实很乱,相当于杂项) - `/etc` 存放软件配置文件(其实很乱,相当于杂项)
- `/opt` 扩展软件目录,少部分软件会装到这里 - `/opt` 扩展软件目录,少部分软件会装到这里
- `/tmp` 存放一些临时文件,通常被挂载到了内存 - `/tmp` 存放一些临时文件,通常被挂载到了内存
- `/usr` 包含系统核心文件,其中的`bin`目录包含的上述除`cd`外的所有命令,`sbin`也是(仅限 root 的命令),这两个文件夹还被映射到了根目录同名文件夹。 - `/usr` 包含系统核心文件,其中的`bin`目录包含的上述除`cd`外的所有命令,`sbin`也是(仅限 root 的命令),这两个文件夹还被映射到了根目录同名文件夹。
- `/var` 经常变动的一些重要的文件,也包含日志 - `/var` 可变动的文件(variable)
- `/var/mail` (本地邮件信箱)
- `/var/spool/news` (新闻组)
- `/var/run` (程序相关文件)
- `/var/lock` (程序锁相關)
- `/sys` 也是一个重要的设备目录 - `/sys` 也是一个重要的设备目录
- `/home` 用户目录,相当于 `C:\Users`MacOS`/Users` - `/home` 用户目录,相当于 `C:\Users`MacOS`/Users`

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其实Linux 的很多逻辑以及文件的组织结构都是与 Windows 大不相同的,接下来,我们就一起了解一下。 其实Linux 的很多逻辑以及文件的组织结构都是与 Windows 大不相同的,接下来,我们就一起了解一下。
> 注意以下操作若无特殊说明输入命令均在终端Terminal下操作可以按下 Ctrl-Alt-T 呼出。 > 注意以下操作若无特殊说明输入命令均在终端Terminal下操作可以按下 C-M-T 呼出。
> 本文中,快捷键使用以下格式表示:
> `Ctrl`键使用`^`或者`C`表示,`Alt`键使用`M`表示,`Super`(即`Windows`键)使用`S`表示。
> 它们的排列顺序是这样的:`C-M-S-<Other Key>`
## Linux 路径的格式 ## Linux 路径的格式
@ -29,7 +33,7 @@ Linux 中,每个文件夹下,都有两个特殊的目录,就是`.`和`..`
> 实际上,`/`只是一块硬盘的挂载点,后面会讲到 > 实际上,`/`只是一块硬盘的挂载点,后面会讲到
## 文件与目录的基本操作 ## 基本操作
### `ls` 列出文件 ### `ls` 列出文件
@ -123,6 +127,21 @@ rm -r <你想删除的文件夹>
> 如果你真的想尝试,那么请一定在虚拟机下!搞坏系统作者可不负责! > 如果你真的想尝试,那么请一定在虚拟机下!搞坏系统作者可不负责!
### `nano`简单的文档编辑器
![Nano 的界面](./assets/2.5.1.png)
`nano`实际上就是被誉为“神之编辑器”的Emacs编辑器的极限精简版所有的基本操作都被标在了界面的下方
```text
^G 帮助 ^O 写入 ^F 搜索 ^K 剪切 ^T 执行命令 ^C 位置 M-U 撤销 M-A 设置标记 M-] 至括号 M-B 上一个
^◂ 向后 ^◂ 前一个字 ^X 离开 ^R 读档 ^\ 替换 ^U 粘贴 ^J 对齐 ^/ 跳行 M-E 重做 M-6 复制
^B 向前搜索 M-F 下一个 ▸ 向前 ^▸ 后一个字
```
> 以后,我们会学习一款使用更广泛的编辑器:`Vim`(被誉为“编辑器之神”)。
### `poweroff`关机 ### `poweroff`关机
很多同学刚使用 Linux 的时候,最大的问题就是:怎么关机? 很多同学刚使用 Linux 的时候,最大的问题就是:怎么关机?
@ -136,3 +155,7 @@ sudo poweroff
回车执行之后会提示你输入密码,直接输入就可以了,输入的时候是没有回显的,不用担心,输入完直接回车即可。 回车执行之后会提示你输入密码,直接输入就可以了,输入的时候是没有回显的,不用担心,输入完直接回车即可。
> 关于`sudo`是什么意思,这个在以后我们讲解权限的时候会提到,你现在就理解为是用来获取系统的最高权限的意思就 ok 了。 > 关于`sudo`是什么意思,这个在以后我们讲解权限的时候会提到,你现在就理解为是用来获取系统的最高权限的意思就 ok 了。
### `man`用户手册
man是manual手册的意思你可以通过简单地输入 `man >:>`::

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