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422 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
422 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
# jsesc [](https://travis-ci.org/mathiasbynens/jsesc) [](https://coveralls.io/r/mathiasbynens/jsesc) [](https://gemnasium.com/mathiasbynens/jsesc)
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Given some data, _jsesc_ returns a stringified representation of that data. jsesc is similar to `JSON.stringify()` except:
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1. it outputs JavaScript instead of JSON [by default](#json), enabling support for data structures like ES6 maps and sets;
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2. it offers [many options](#api) to customize the output;
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3. its output is ASCII-safe [by default](#minimal), thanks to its use of [escape sequences](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-escapes) where needed.
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For any input, jsesc generates the shortest possible valid printable-ASCII-only output. [Here’s an online demo.](https://mothereff.in/js-escapes)
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jsesc’s output can be used instead of `JSON.stringify`’s to avoid [mojibake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojibake) and other encoding issues, or even to [avoid errors](https://twitter.com/annevk/status/380000829643571200) when passing JSON-formatted data (which may contain U+2028 LINE SEPARATOR, U+2029 PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR, or [lone surrogates](https://esdiscuss.org/topic/code-points-vs-unicode-scalar-values#content-14)) to a JavaScript parser or an UTF-8 encoder.
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## Installation
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Via [npm](https://www.npmjs.com/):
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```bash
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npm install jsesc
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```
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In [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/):
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```js
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const jsesc = require('jsesc');
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```
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## API
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### `jsesc(value, options)`
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This function takes a value and returns an escaped version of the value where any characters that are not printable ASCII symbols are escaped using the shortest possible (but valid) [escape sequences for use in JavaScript strings](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-escapes). The first supported value type is strings:
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```js
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jsesc('Ich ♥ Bücher');
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// → 'Ich \\u2665 B\\xFCcher'
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jsesc('foo 𝌆 bar');
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// → 'foo \\uD834\\uDF06 bar'
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```
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Instead of a string, the `value` can also be an array, an object, a map, a set, or a buffer. In such cases, `jsesc` returns a stringified version of the value where any characters that are not printable ASCII symbols are escaped in the same way.
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```js
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// Escaping an array
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jsesc([
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'Ich ♥ Bücher', 'foo 𝌆 bar'
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]);
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// → '[\'Ich \\u2665 B\\xFCcher\',\'foo \\uD834\\uDF06 bar\']'
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// Escaping an object
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jsesc({
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'Ich ♥ Bücher': 'foo 𝌆 bar'
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});
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// → '{\'Ich \\u2665 B\\xFCcher\':\'foo \\uD834\\uDF06 bar\'}'
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```
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The optional `options` argument accepts an object with the following options:
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#### `quotes`
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The default value for the `quotes` option is `'single'`. This means that any occurrences of `'` in the input string are escaped as `\'`, so that the output can be used in a string literal wrapped in single quotes.
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```js
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jsesc('`Lorem` ipsum "dolor" sit \'amet\' etc.');
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// → 'Lorem ipsum "dolor" sit \\\'amet\\\' etc.'
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jsesc('`Lorem` ipsum "dolor" sit \'amet\' etc.', {
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'quotes': 'single'
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});
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// → '`Lorem` ipsum "dolor" sit \\\'amet\\\' etc.'
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// → "`Lorem` ipsum \"dolor\" sit \\'amet\\' etc."
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```
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If you want to use the output as part of a string literal wrapped in double quotes, set the `quotes` option to `'double'`.
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```js
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jsesc('`Lorem` ipsum "dolor" sit \'amet\' etc.', {
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'quotes': 'double'
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});
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// → '`Lorem` ipsum \\"dolor\\" sit \'amet\' etc.'
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// → "`Lorem` ipsum \\\"dolor\\\" sit 'amet' etc."
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```
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If you want to use the output as part of a template literal (i.e. wrapped in backticks), set the `quotes` option to `'backtick'`.
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```js
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jsesc('`Lorem` ipsum "dolor" sit \'amet\' etc.', {
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'quotes': 'backtick'
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});
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// → '\\`Lorem\\` ipsum "dolor" sit \'amet\' etc.'
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// → "\\`Lorem\\` ipsum \"dolor\" sit 'amet' etc."
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// → `\\\`Lorem\\\` ipsum "dolor" sit 'amet' etc.`
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```
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This setting also affects the output for arrays and objects:
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```js
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jsesc({ 'Ich ♥ Bücher': 'foo 𝌆 bar' }, {
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'quotes': 'double'
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});
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// → '{"Ich \\u2665 B\\xFCcher":"foo \\uD834\\uDF06 bar"}'
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jsesc([ 'Ich ♥ Bücher', 'foo 𝌆 bar' ], {
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'quotes': 'double'
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});
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// → '["Ich \\u2665 B\\xFCcher","foo \\uD834\\uDF06 bar"]'
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```
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#### `numbers`
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The default value for the `numbers` option is `'decimal'`. This means that any numeric values are represented using decimal integer literals. Other valid options are `binary`, `octal`, and `hexadecimal`, which result in binary integer literals, octal integer literals, and hexadecimal integer literals, respectively.
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```js
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jsesc(42, {
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'numbers': 'binary'
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});
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// → '0b101010'
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jsesc(42, {
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'numbers': 'octal'
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});
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// → '0o52'
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jsesc(42, {
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'numbers': 'decimal'
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});
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// → '42'
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jsesc(42, {
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'numbers': 'hexadecimal'
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});
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// → '0x2A'
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```
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#### `wrap`
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The `wrap` option takes a boolean value (`true` or `false`), and defaults to `false` (disabled). When enabled, the output is a valid JavaScript string literal wrapped in quotes. The type of quotes can be specified through the `quotes` setting.
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```js
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jsesc('Lorem ipsum "dolor" sit \'amet\' etc.', {
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'quotes': 'single',
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'wrap': true
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});
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// → '\'Lorem ipsum "dolor" sit \\\'amet\\\' etc.\''
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// → "\'Lorem ipsum \"dolor\" sit \\\'amet\\\' etc.\'"
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jsesc('Lorem ipsum "dolor" sit \'amet\' etc.', {
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'quotes': 'double',
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'wrap': true
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});
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// → '"Lorem ipsum \\"dolor\\" sit \'amet\' etc."'
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// → "\"Lorem ipsum \\\"dolor\\\" sit \'amet\' etc.\""
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```
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#### `es6`
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The `es6` option takes a boolean value (`true` or `false`), and defaults to `false` (disabled). When enabled, any astral Unicode symbols in the input are escaped using [ECMAScript 6 Unicode code point escape sequences](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-escapes#unicode-code-point) instead of using separate escape sequences for each surrogate half. If backwards compatibility with ES5 environments is a concern, don’t enable this setting. If the `json` setting is enabled, the value for the `es6` setting is ignored (as if it was `false`).
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```js
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// By default, the `es6` option is disabled:
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jsesc('foo 𝌆 bar 💩 baz');
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// → 'foo \\uD834\\uDF06 bar \\uD83D\\uDCA9 baz'
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// To explicitly disable it:
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jsesc('foo 𝌆 bar 💩 baz', {
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'es6': false
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});
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// → 'foo \\uD834\\uDF06 bar \\uD83D\\uDCA9 baz'
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// To enable it:
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jsesc('foo 𝌆 bar 💩 baz', {
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'es6': true
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});
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// → 'foo \\u{1D306} bar \\u{1F4A9} baz'
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```
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#### `escapeEverything`
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The `escapeEverything` option takes a boolean value (`true` or `false`), and defaults to `false` (disabled). When enabled, all the symbols in the output are escaped — even printable ASCII symbols.
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```js
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jsesc('lolwat"foo\'bar', {
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'escapeEverything': true
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});
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// → '\\x6C\\x6F\\x6C\\x77\\x61\\x74\\"\\x66\\x6F\\x6F\\\'\\x62\\x61\\x72'
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// → "\\x6C\\x6F\\x6C\\x77\\x61\\x74\\\"\\x66\\x6F\\x6F\\'\\x62\\x61\\x72"
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```
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This setting also affects the output for string literals within arrays and objects.
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#### `minimal`
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The `minimal` option takes a boolean value (`true` or `false`), and defaults to `false` (disabled). When enabled, only a limited set of symbols in the output are escaped:
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* U+0000 `\0`
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* U+0008 `\b`
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* U+0009 `\t`
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* U+000A `\n`
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* U+000C `\f`
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* U+000D `\r`
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* U+005C `\\`
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* U+2028 `\u2028`
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* U+2029 `\u2029`
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* whatever symbol is being used for wrapping string literals (based on [the `quotes` option](#quotes))
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Note: with this option enabled, jsesc output is no longer guaranteed to be ASCII-safe.
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```js
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jsesc('foo\u2029bar\nbaz©qux𝌆flops', {
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'minimal': false
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});
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// → 'foo\\u2029bar\\nbaz©qux𝌆flops'
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```
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#### `isScriptContext`
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The `isScriptContext` option takes a boolean value (`true` or `false`), and defaults to `false` (disabled). When enabled, occurrences of [`</script` and `</style`](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/etago) in the output are escaped as `<\/script` and `<\/style`, and [`<!--`](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/etago#comment-8) is escaped as `\x3C!--` (or `\u003C!--` when the `json` option is enabled). This setting is useful when jsesc’s output ends up as part of a `<script>` or `<style>` element in an HTML document.
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```js
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jsesc('foo</script>bar', {
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'isScriptContext': true
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});
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// → 'foo<\\/script>bar'
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```
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#### `compact`
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The `compact` option takes a boolean value (`true` or `false`), and defaults to `true` (enabled). When enabled, the output for arrays and objects is as compact as possible; it’s not formatted nicely.
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```js
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jsesc({ 'Ich ♥ Bücher': 'foo 𝌆 bar' }, {
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'compact': true // this is the default
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});
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// → '{\'Ich \u2665 B\xFCcher\':\'foo \uD834\uDF06 bar\'}'
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jsesc({ 'Ich ♥ Bücher': 'foo 𝌆 bar' }, {
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'compact': false
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});
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// → '{\n\t\'Ich \u2665 B\xFCcher\': \'foo \uD834\uDF06 bar\'\n}'
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jsesc([ 'Ich ♥ Bücher', 'foo 𝌆 bar' ], {
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'compact': false
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});
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// → '[\n\t\'Ich \u2665 B\xFCcher\',\n\t\'foo \uD834\uDF06 bar\'\n]'
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```
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This setting has no effect on the output for strings.
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#### `indent`
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The `indent` option takes a string value, and defaults to `'\t'`. When the `compact` setting is enabled (`true`), the value of the `indent` option is used to format the output for arrays and objects.
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```js
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jsesc({ 'Ich ♥ Bücher': 'foo 𝌆 bar' }, {
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'compact': false,
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'indent': '\t' // this is the default
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});
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// → '{\n\t\'Ich \u2665 B\xFCcher\': \'foo \uD834\uDF06 bar\'\n}'
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jsesc({ 'Ich ♥ Bücher': 'foo 𝌆 bar' }, {
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'compact': false,
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'indent': ' '
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});
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// → '{\n \'Ich \u2665 B\xFCcher\': \'foo \uD834\uDF06 bar\'\n}'
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jsesc([ 'Ich ♥ Bücher', 'foo 𝌆 bar' ], {
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'compact': false,
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'indent': ' '
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});
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// → '[\n \'Ich \u2665 B\xFCcher\',\n\ t\'foo \uD834\uDF06 bar\'\n]'
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```
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This setting has no effect on the output for strings.
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#### `indentLevel`
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The `indentLevel` option takes a numeric value, and defaults to `0`. It represents the current indentation level, i.e. the number of times the value of [the `indent` option](#indent) is repeated.
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```js
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jsesc(['a', 'b', 'c'], {
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'compact': false,
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'indentLevel': 1
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});
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// → '[\n\t\t\'a\',\n\t\t\'b\',\n\t\t\'c\'\n\t]'
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jsesc(['a', 'b', 'c'], {
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'compact': false,
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'indentLevel': 2
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});
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// → '[\n\t\t\t\'a\',\n\t\t\t\'b\',\n\t\t\t\'c\'\n\t\t]'
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```
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#### `json`
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The `json` option takes a boolean value (`true` or `false`), and defaults to `false` (disabled). When enabled, the output is valid JSON. [Hexadecimal character escape sequences](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-escapes#hexadecimal) and [the `\v` or `\0` escape sequences](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-escapes#single) are not used. Setting `json: true` implies `quotes: 'double', wrap: true, es6: false`, although these values can still be overridden if needed — but in such cases, the output won’t be valid JSON anymore.
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```js
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jsesc('foo\x00bar\xFF\uFFFDbaz', {
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'json': true
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});
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// → '"foo\\u0000bar\\u00FF\\uFFFDbaz"'
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jsesc({ 'foo\x00bar\xFF\uFFFDbaz': 'foo\x00bar\xFF\uFFFDbaz' }, {
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'json': true
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});
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// → '{"foo\\u0000bar\\u00FF\\uFFFDbaz":"foo\\u0000bar\\u00FF\\uFFFDbaz"}'
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jsesc([ 'foo\x00bar\xFF\uFFFDbaz', 'foo\x00bar\xFF\uFFFDbaz' ], {
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'json': true
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});
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// → '["foo\\u0000bar\\u00FF\\uFFFDbaz","foo\\u0000bar\\u00FF\\uFFFDbaz"]'
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// Values that are acceptable in JSON but aren’t strings, arrays, or object
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// literals can’t be escaped, so they’ll just be preserved:
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jsesc([ 'foo\x00bar', [1, '©', { 'foo': true, 'qux': null }], 42 ], {
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'json': true
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});
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// → '["foo\\u0000bar",[1,"\\u00A9",{"foo":true,"qux":null}],42]'
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// Values that aren’t allowed in JSON are run through `JSON.stringify()`:
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jsesc([ undefined, -Infinity ], {
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'json': true
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});
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// → '[null,null]'
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```
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**Note:** Using this option on objects or arrays that contain non-string values relies on `JSON.stringify()`. For legacy environments like IE ≤ 7, use [a `JSON` polyfill](http://bestiejs.github.io/json3/).
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#### `lowercaseHex`
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The `lowercaseHex` option takes a boolean value (`true` or `false`), and defaults to `false` (disabled). When enabled, any alphabetical hexadecimal digits in escape sequences as well as any hexadecimal integer literals (see [the `numbers` option](#numbers)) in the output are in lowercase.
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```js
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jsesc('Ich ♥ Bücher', {
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'lowercaseHex': true
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});
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// → 'Ich \\u2665 B\\xfccher'
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// ^^
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jsesc(42, {
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'numbers': 'hexadecimal',
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'lowercaseHex': true
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});
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// → '0x2a'
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// ^^
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```
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### `jsesc.version`
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A string representing the semantic version number.
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### Using the `jsesc` binary
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To use the `jsesc` binary in your shell, simply install jsesc globally using npm:
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```bash
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npm install -g jsesc
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```
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After that you’re able to escape strings from the command line:
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```bash
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$ jsesc 'föo ♥ bår 𝌆 baz'
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f\xF6o \u2665 b\xE5r \uD834\uDF06 baz
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```
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To escape arrays or objects containing string values, use the `-o`/`--object` option:
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```bash
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$ jsesc --object '{ "föo": "♥", "bår": "𝌆 baz" }'
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{'f\xF6o':'\u2665','b\xE5r':'\uD834\uDF06 baz'}
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```
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To prettify the output in such cases, use the `-p`/`--pretty` option:
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```bash
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$ jsesc --pretty '{ "föo": "♥", "bår": "𝌆 baz" }'
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{
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'f\xF6o': '\u2665',
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'b\xE5r': '\uD834\uDF06 baz'
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}
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```
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For valid JSON output, use the `-j`/`--json` option:
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```bash
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$ jsesc --json --pretty '{ "föo": "♥", "bår": "𝌆 baz" }'
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{
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"f\u00F6o": "\u2665",
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"b\u00E5r": "\uD834\uDF06 baz"
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}
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```
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Read a local JSON file, escape any non-ASCII symbols, and save the result to a new file:
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```bash
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$ jsesc --json --object < data-raw.json > data-escaped.json
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```
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Or do the same with an online JSON file:
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```bash
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$ curl -sL "http://git.io/aorKgQ" | jsesc --json --object > data-escaped.json
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```
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See `jsesc --help` for the full list of options.
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## Support
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As of v2.0.0, jsesc supports Node.js v4+ only.
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Older versions (up to jsesc v1.3.0) support Chrome 27, Firefox 3, Safari 4, Opera 10, IE 6, Node.js v6.0.0, Narwhal 0.3.2, RingoJS 0.8-0.11, PhantomJS 1.9.0, and Rhino 1.7RC4. **Note:** Using the `json` option on objects or arrays that contain non-string values relies on `JSON.parse()`. For legacy environments like IE ≤ 7, use [a `JSON` polyfill](https://bestiejs.github.io/json3/).
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## Author
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| [](https://twitter.com/mathias "Follow @mathias on Twitter") |
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|---|
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| [Mathias Bynens](https://mathiasbynens.be/) |
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## License
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This library is available under the [MIT](https://mths.be/mit) license.
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